Introduction to Bangladesh

Bangladesh emerged as an impartial and sovereign country on sixteen December 1971 following a 9-month WAR OF LIBERATION. Dhaka (previously spelt Dhaka) is its capital.

SUNDARBANS (Khulna)

Bangladesh

INFORMATION BRIEF

Official name People's Republic of Bangladesh (Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh).

Capital Dhaka.

Government Parliamentary form of presidency, PRESIDENT is head of the State and PRIME MINISTER is head of government.

UNO member UNO club no 136, admitted on 17 September, 1974.

Geographical vicinity In South Asia, among 20°34' to 26°38' north latitude and 88°01' to 92°41' east longitude. Maximum extension is ready 440 km in E-W path and 760 km in NNW-SSE path.

Time GMT +6.00 hours.

Area and barriers Area: 147,570 sq.Km. Boundaries: WEST BENGAL (India) at the west; West Bengal, ASSAM and Meghalaya (all of the Indian states) on the north; Indian states of Assam, TRIPURA and Mizoram collectively with Myanmar at the east; and BAY OF BENGAL at the south. The overall duration of the land border is set 4,246 km, of which ninety three.9% is shared with India and the rest 6% with Myanmar. Limit of territorial water is 12 nautical miles (22.22 km) and the location of the excessive seas extending to 2 hundred nautical miles (370.40 km) measured from the baselines constitutes the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

Administrative units department 8 (Dhaka, CHITTAGONG, KHULNA, RAJSHAHI, BARISAL, SYLHET, RANGPUR and MYMENSINGH); district 64; upazila 483 and thana 599 (2008), union four,498 (2008), mouza 59,990, village 87,362; city employer 6 (Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Barisal); municipality 309 (2008).

Physiography A humid lowlying alluvial location, Bangladesh consists specifically of the outstanding mixed DELTA of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna rivers. It is one among the biggest deltas inside the global. The monotony of flatness has been relieved inland by way of two improved tracts - the MADHUPUR and the BARIND TRACTS, and on the northeast and southeast by rows of hills. Some 75% of the land is less than 3m above imply sea level (MSL) and prone to floods and cyclones. The most elevation is 1,280m above MSL at Saichal Range in RANGAMATI district. Tajingdong is the very best peak and called as Bijoy.

Rivers Total rivers consisting of tributaries and distributaries are about seven hundred below three mighty river systems: GANGES-PADMA RIVER SYSTEM, BRAHMAPUTRA-JAMUNA RIVER SYSTEM and SURMA-MEGHNA RIVER SYSTEM. Rivers of the southeastern hilly area are taken into consideration because the CHITTAGONG REGION RIVER SYSTEM. Principal rivers are: ganges, padma, brahmaputra, jamuna, surma, kushiyara, meghna, karnafuli, vintage brahmaputra, arial khan, buriganga, shitalakshya, tista, atrai, gorai, madhumati, kobadak, rupsa-pashur, feni.

Climate Sub-tropical MONSOON. Average most and minimal iciness temperatures are 29°C and 11°C respectively; common maximum and minimal summer temperatures are 34°C and 21°C respectively. Annual RAINFALL 1,194 mm to 3,454 mm. Highest humidity 80% to a hundred% (August-September), lowest 36% (February-March).

Archaeological web sites PAHARPUR (five km west of Jamalganj railway station in Joypurhat district, surely the web site includes the Badalgachi upazila of Naogaon district), MAHASTHANGARH (about 12 km north of Bogra metropolis, the site consists of in part Shibganj and partially Bogra Sadar upazilas of Bogra district), BHASU VIHARA (about 4.8-6.4 km northwest of Mahasthangarh), MAINAMATI (8 km west of Comilla city), HALUD VIHARA (about 14.5 km west-south-west of Paharpur), SITAKOT VIHARA (Nawabganj upazila of Dinajpur district), WARI-BATESHWAR (Narsingdi).

Tourist spots COX'S BAZAR, RANGAMATI, CHITTAGONG, SYLHET, KUAKATA (Patuakhali), SUNDARBANS (Khulna). The a hundred and twenty-km long Cox's Bazar sea seaside is considered to be the longest inside the world. Kuakata is a unique seashore for viewing sunrise in addition to solar-putting.

Population (2008) overall population 146.6 million; density 993 folks in keeping with sq.Km, annual increase charge' 1.39%, male-female ratio 104:a hundred, urban populace 37.4 million, rural population 109.2 million. Life expectancy at birth (2008) sixty six.Nine years. At the point of ethnicity Bangladeshi human beings are amalgamation of Dravidian, Proto-Australoaid, Mongoloid, and Ariyan. Tribal people with a population of simply over 1.2 million occupy specifically khagrachhari, bandarban, Rangamati, Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar, habiganj, Sylhet, sunamganj, maulvi bazar, dinajpur, joypurhat, Rajshahi, naogaon, rangpur, bogra, nawabganj, mymensingh, netrokona, barguna and bhola districts. There are some forty five tribal agencies in Bangladesh and among the ones chakma, garo, hajong, khasia, magh, santals, rakhain, manipuri, murong are great.

Religion Muslims 88.Three%, Hindus 10.Five%, Buddhists 0.6%, Christian 0.5% and others 0.1%.

Language National Language: Bangla (99.Five% speak Bangla and 0.Five% other dialects). English is the second maximum important language.

Literacy (7 years and above) sixty five.Five% (2001).

Educational institutions Public college (2008) 31, non-public university (2008) fifty one, authorities clinical college 18, private clinical college forty one (2008), engineering university 8, polytechnic institute 20, college (widespread schooling) 3277 (2008), secondary school 18,756 and primary college eighty two,218 (2008).

Health facilities (2008) Hospitals 2,860; health facility beds 74,415; registered doctor 49,994; households in keeping with health practitioner 2,860;

Employment and career (Labour Force Survey 2002-03, in percentage) technical and expert three.Eight; administrative and managerial zero.2; clerical works 3.4; income works 14.8; service works four.5; agriculture, forestry and fisheries 51.4; production and delivery 21.Nine.

Artisans KAMAR (blacksmith), KUMAR (potter), TANTI (weaver), modak or MOYRA (sweetmeat maker), SUTRADHAR or chutar (carpenter), KALU (oil presser),KANSARU (brazier), SHANKHARI (shell cutter), SWARNAKAR (goldsmith), GHARAMI (house builder), KAHAR (palanquin bearer), KARATI (sawyer),PATIAL(matmaker).

Mineral sources NATURAL GAS, COAL, PEAT, LIMESTONE, HARDROCK, BEACH SAND HEAVY MINERAL (zircon, rutile, Ilmenite, Garnet, Magnetite, Monazite, Leucoxene, Kyanite), GLASS SAND, WHITE CLAY, BRICK CLAY and metal minerals.

Water sources Bangladesh is endowed with plenty of SURFACE WATER and GROUNDWATER assets. Surface water inflows of the united states vary from a most of about 140,000 cumec in August to a minimum of approximately 7,000 cumec in February. The alluvial aquifer systems of Bangladesh are some of the most efficient groundwater reservoirs. Groundwater in Bangladesh takes place at a completely shallow depth in which the current river-borne SEDIMENTS shape prolific aquifers within the FLOODPLAINS. In the better terraces, the Barind and Madhupur tracts, the Pleistocene Dupi Tila sands act as aquifers. In the hilly areas, the Pliocene Tipam sands function aquifers. The groundwater table over maximum of Bangladesh lies very near the floor and fluctuates with the yearly recharge discharge conditions.

Energy resources Fuelwood, herbal gas, liquid petroleum fuels, coal, hydropower, solar energy, BIOGAS, and many others.

Financial device one principal bank (BANGLADESH BANK), forty eight industrial banks (4 nationalised business banks or NCBs), 31 non-public domestic banks and thirteen overseas banks), five country-owned specialized banks, additionally referred to as improvement finance establishments (DFIs), 23 non-bank financial establishments, 27 service provider bankers, 556 cash changers, the Investment Corporation of Bangladesh (ICB), 2 stock exchanges (the DHAKA STOCK EXCHANGE andCHITTAGONG STOCK EXCHANGE), 2 nation-owned and 39 private zone insurance groups, about 10 leasing groups, Post Office Savings Bank and the Postal Life Insurance schemes. There are a hundred forty five,000 co-operatives. Bangladesh Samabaya Bank Ltd is the apex group of the co-operative sector. There are over 1,2 hundred non-governmental and non-income micro finance establishments.

Industries Jute, tea, TEXTILE, clothes, PAPER, newsprint, FERTILISER, leather and leather items, cement, sugar, fish processing, pharmaceuticals and chemical substances.

Export Processing Zone (EPZ) Existing: Chittagong EPZ (1983) and Dhaka EPZ. Proposed: Gazipur, Mongla, Ishwardi, Comilla, Saidpur and Sirajganj. The authorities has signed an agreement with the Republic of Korea to establish a Korean EPZ in Chittagong.

Exports Ready made clothes, uncooked jute, jute manufactures, tea, leather and leather-based products, frozen shrimps and different fish products, newsprint, handicraft.

Imports Wheat, oil seeds, crude petroleum, raw cotton, suitable for eating oil, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FERTILISER, cement, yarn.

Foreign change Export: 16.20 billion US$; Import: 23.Seventy four billion US$ (2009-10).

Currency Taka (Tk 68.Ninety four = US$1, July 2009).

Per-capita income'US$ 750 (2009-2010).

Transport and communique Metalled road 10,000 km; Railways 2,891 km. Waterways 8,900 km.

Major bridges BANGABANDHU JAMUNA MULTIPURPOSE BRIDGE, opened in June 1998 with a period of four.Eight km; Japan-Bangladesh Friendship Bridge (at the Meghna river at Gazaria upazila, Munshiganj); Bangladesh-UK Friendship Bridge (on the Meghna river at Bhairab upazila, Kishoreganj district) Meghna-Gumti Bridge (at the Meghna river at Daudkandi upazila, Comilla); Tarra Bridge (at the Dhaleshwari river at Ghior upazila, Manikganj); China-Bangladesh Friendship Bridge 1 (on the Buriganga river in Dhaka); China-Bangladesh Friendship Bridge 2 (at the Buriganga river in Dhaka); Shitalakshya Bridge, popularly called Kanchpur Bridge (at the Shitalakshya river at Sonargaon upazila, Narayanganj); KARNAFULI BRIDGE (on the Karnafuli river at Chandgaon upazila, Chittagong) are high-quality.

Railway bridges HARDINGE BRIDGE (at the Ganges river at Ishwardi upazila, pabna), Bhairab Bridge (on the Meghna river at BHAIRAB upazila,KISHOREGANJ); Tista Bridge (at the Tista river at KAUNIA upazila, Rangpur) are exceptional.

Major inland riverports Dhaka, Chandpur, Barisal, Khulna, Narayanganj, Bhairab Bazar, Ashuganj, Sirajganj.

Seaports Chittagong Port and Mongla Port.

Airports Zia International Airport, Dhaka; Amanat Shah International Airport, Chittagong; Osmany Airport, Sylhet; Cox's Bazar Airport; Jessore Airport; Barisal Airport; Rajshahi Airport; Saidpur Airport, Nilphamari; Ishwardi Airport, Pabna; Tejgaon STOL Port, Dhaka; Shamsernagar STOL Port, Maulvi Bazar; Comilla STOL Port, COMILLA; Lalmonirhat STOL Port; Thakurgaon STOL Port.

Radio stations Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet, Rangamati, Comilla and Thakurgaon.

TV stations Transmission centres: Dhaka and Chittagong. Relay stations: Chittagong, Sylhet, Khulna, Natore, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Noakhali, Satkhira, Cox's Bazar, Rangamati and Thakurgaon.

Satellite station Three communique satellite tv for pc ground receiving stations: Betbunia, Chittagong; Talibabad, Savar, Dhaka, Mohakhali, Dhaka.

Food Staple weight-reduction plan: rice, wheat, vegetable, pulses, fish and meat.

Principal plants jute, rice, wheat, potato, tea, tobacco, sugarcane.

Principal culmination MANGO (am), JACKFRUIT (kanthal), black berry (jam), PINEAPPLE (anarax), BANANA (kala), LITCHI (lichu), LEMON (lebu), GUAVA (peyara), PAPAYA(pepe), tamarind (tentul), watermelon (tarmuj), rose apple (jamrul), jujube (badai).

Principal fishes Freshwater fishes: HILSA (Ilix) [Tenualosa ilisha]; CARPS (Rui, Catla, Mrigal, Kalibaux, and so forth); barbs (Punti, Mahaxol, and many others); minnows (Darkina, Chela, Mola, etc); catfishes (Tebgra, Aid, Shingi, Magur, and so on); Climbing Perch (Koi), [Anabas testudineus]. Saline water fishes: Jew fishes (Poa), thread-fins (Tapasi), mullets (Bata), pomfrets (Rupchanda), etc.

Flora 6000 species (5000 flowering vegetation).

Fauna Vertebrates: about 1600 species; FISH: 266 inland species and 442 marine species; AMPHIBIANS: 22 species; REPTILES 126 species (109 inland and 17 marine); BIRDS: 628 species (388 resident and 240 migratory); MAMMALS: 113 species (110 inland and 3 marine).

Forest Total 21403 sq.Km. Hill woodland land 13,617 sq.Km; Inland wooded area land 1,220 sq.Km; Littoral forest 6,566 squarekm.

National days Shaheed Dibas (Martyrs' Day) on 21 February now determined as INTERNATIONAL MOTHER LANGUAGE DAY; Swadhinata Dibas (INDEPENDENCE DAY) on 26 March; PAHELA BAISHAKH or Bangla Nababarsa (Bangla New Year); Bijoy Dibas (VICTORY DAY) on sixteen December.

Festivals Common: Navanna, PAHELA BAISHAKH (Bangla Nababarsha). Religious: Muslim EID-UL FITR, EID-UL AZHA, SHAB-E-QADR, SHAB-E-BARAT, Eid-e-Miladunnabi, MUHARRAM; Hindu DURGA PUJA, KALI PUJA, LAKSMI PUJA, Saraswati puja, Doljatra, Holi; Christian CHRISTMAS; Buddhist BUDDHA PURNIMA.

Games KABADI is the country wide sport; football, CRICKET, HOCKEY, TENNIS, BADMINTON, VOLLEYBALL, HANDBALL, CHESS and carom also are famous games.

National flower Shapla or water lily (Nymphaea pubescens).

National fruit Kanthal or jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus).

National chicken Doel or MAGPIE-ROBIN or Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis).

National fish Ilish hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha).

National animal Bagh or BENGAL TIGER, properly known as Royal Bengal Tiger (Pathera tigris). [Masud Hasan Chowdhury]